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Změny mechaniky pohybu koně v tahu při různé zátěži
PISCOVÁ MANDOVÁ, Paulína
Cold-blooded horses find their use at present mainly in tensile work in forest stands. Motion mechanics plays the key role in estimating their potential for performing this activity. Subsequently, it is used in their selection and reproduction. In the process, applied load the horse is working with significantly influences the characteristics of a movement. Therefore, for horses doing tensile work, an objective assessment of their movement mechanics is important, not only during demonstration but also under a changing load. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate an experiment for assessing the quantitative characteristics of motion mechanics (step length, action height and running speed) of a cold-blooded horse with no load and with a load of different weight using videographic kinematic analysis. The data obtained were statistically processed to assess changes in step length, action height and running speed depending on the changing load. The results of our experiment showed that the step length decreases with increasing weight of the load. From an average value of 1.94 m at run without a load, it drops to an average value of 1.02 m at a maximum monitored load of 500 kg. A high dependence (r=-0.93) of the step length reduction on the tensile load was found. The dependence is strongly evincible (p<0.001). Changes in action height with increasing load weight are different for the forelimb and rear limb. The forelimb has an almost constant value (~ 0.08m) and no dependence (p=0.977) on the changing weight of the load has been demonstrated. The rear limb shows a strong correlation (p<0.001) to the increasing weight of the load. The correlation coefficient r=0.52 indicates only a slight dependence. This difference can be explained by different function and construction of the limb. The running speed derived from the horizontal marker from the tracking mark on the back is uniform in all observed cases and decreases from 1.95 m.s-1 to 1.19 m.s-1 with increasing weight of the load. The dependence is strongly evincible (p<0.001) and the correlation coefficient of r=-0.94 indicates a strong dependence. The results obtained from the horizontal head velocity component are very well matched to the spine results. The results provided by this method can be an invaluable tool in objective detection of utility and breeding potential of cold-blooded horse in tensile work. Based on these findings, we can recommend further development of videographic kinematic analysis application to objectify the evaluation of quantitative characteristics of motion mechanics for zootechnical and breeding practice.
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Posuzování mechaniky pohybu chladnokrevných koní
PISCOVÁ MANDOVÁ, Paulína
The most common breed of coldblooded horses in the Czech Republic are the Czech-Moravian Belgian horse, Silesian noriker and Noriker. Evaluation of the mechanics of movement is an important part of the estimation of their potential use for work, breeding value and possibly for sport. The aim of this study was to assess the evaluation mechanics of movement in walk and trot used in the Czech Republic. Afterwards, we evaluate the possibility of using objective methods and their effectiveness in breeding practice. Within the literature review there have been described the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the musculoskeletal system of horses that directly define their movement abilities. Furthermore, the most important breeds of coldblooded horses in the Czech Republic were characterized and then there was an overview of the characteristics of movement prepared, the methods of evaluation and comparison of the methods used in foreign breeder's associations. From the objective evaluation methods, the mechanics of movement has been selected a video graphic kinematic analysis, which is the best breeding practice exercisable. At a minimum cost, we could perform this analysis even under normal conditions for Czech farmers. The methodology of measurement was proven with an emphasis on the use of the data obtained from the objective evaluation of the mechanics of movement of coldblooded horses. Of the identified knowledge under certain circumstances we may recommend this method as a useful supplement to established evaluation methods in zootechnical practice.
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